• br Funding This work was supported

  2023-07-26

  

  Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 81573664). Thanks to Jing-xian Yang from the Pharmacology Laboratory of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine for support with technology and experimental equipment. Disclosure Confl

• The activity of MMPs is regulated

  2023-07-26

  

  The activity of MMPs is regulated at the level of gene transcription or by the enzymatic activation of latent enzymes. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 are elevated in synovial fluid, synovium and cartilage in patients with OA, and these cyto

• br Introduction The term antioxidant derives from

  2023-07-26

  

  Introduction The term antioxidant derives from the prevention of the oxygen consumption. In the late of 19th centuries, antioxidants were generally used in industrial processes such as against to metal corrosion, vulcanization of rubber. Later on, the use of antioxidants to prevent the rancidity

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments This work was

  2023-07-26

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the Fund Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education (16ZB0053), the Scientific Research Foundation of Sichuan Agricultural University (No. 06021400) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015M58

• It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism

  2023-07-26

  

  It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism is a toxic gain of function secondary to the misfolding of mutated PrP. However, such a mechanism might not apply to all mutant PrP species, since some mutations had little effect on the stability and folding kinetics of PrP (Swietnicki et al., 19

• We found that decreased Ng

  2023-07-26

  

  We found that decreased Ng levels lead to a lower threshold for LTD induction at L4–L2/3 synapses. Previous studies in hippocampal slice culture have shown that LTD at individual synapses induces spine elimination at both the targeted synapse and selective neighboring synapses when spines are monito

• br Guava tea leaves inhibit leukocyte type lipoxygenase acti

  2023-07-26

  

  Guava tea leaves inhibit leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase activity Guava tea that is extracted from guava leaves contains a number of polyphenols, and is commonly taken as a dietary supplement. The extracts show a variety of beneficial effects such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiprolif

• These findings suggest that eventually more than one lipoxyg

  2023-07-26

  

  These findings suggest that eventually more than one 12/15-lipoxygenase isoform may play a role in human atherosclerosis. Humans have two 12-lipoxygenases and two 15-lipoxygenases which show different expression patterns, substrate specificities and stereo-selective metabolism [1]. However, in PI3K

• br Materials and methods br

  2023-07-26

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Competing financial interests Acknowledgements The work was partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31530053 and 31401424) and National Science and Technology Support Plan (Grant no. 2013BA

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives br Disclaimer

  2023-07-26

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Disclaimer Statement Introduction Aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDHs (E.C. 1.2.1.3) are multigene family of NAD(P)+-dependents group of structurally and functionally related ubiquitously distributed enzymes involved in the specific and irreversible oxida

• In contrast to the beneficial treatment

  2023-07-26

  

  In contrast to the beneficial treatment of skin-inflammation with PAH containing coal tar, epidemiology showed that environmental pollution, containing AHR-activating PAH, lead to more eczema [80]. Of note, other epidemiological data suggested that Th17 cell polarization may be enhanced air pollutio

• It was recently shown that AHR

  2023-07-26

  

  It was recently shown that AHR and HIF-1α cooperate to support the metabolism of Tr1 pepstatin [6]. Interestingly, AHR and HIF-1α act sequentially to orchestrate the metabolic remodeling of lymphocytes. While HIF-1α regulates the early metabolic reprogramming of Tr1 cells, AHR takes over at later t

• br Role of OCT in histamine clearance Histamine is a

  2023-07-26

  

  Role of OCT3 in histamine clearance Histamine is a powerful neuromodulator, as well as a regulator of immune processes and vascular tone in the central nervous system (Gross, 1981; Haas et al., 2008; Jutel et al., 2006). In contrast to 5-HT and the catecholamines, a high-affinity transporter for

• Role of APPL in endosomal signaling

  2023-07-26

  

  Role of APPL in endosomal signaling pathways Endosomes consist of distinct membrane subdomains within individual organelles and assist in the translation of extracellular stimuli via cytoplasmic transduction cascades to the nucleus [3], [74]. Endosomal abnormalities are associated with the pathogen

• In another study authors found that ADORA

  2023-07-26

  

  In another study, authors found that ADORA1 were present on the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion KP372-1 (ipRGCs), and application of adenosine to rat retinas reduced light-evoked spiking of ipRGCs through suppression of a cAMP-mediated pathway (Sodhi and Hartwick, 2014). The ipRGCs ar

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